A Brief History of France

Before I begin, France has A LOT of history. I can’t cover it in detail (this is, after all, only one blog post), but I’ll do my best to do it justice. This will be a very brief sum up of France’s history. If anything interests you, I encourage you to look deeper into it. I encourage it in general. And please, if you feel like anything in this post needs a follow up, post it in the comments below! I would love to read it!

During BCE (before common era), France is split into several groups: the Gauls, the Aquitani, the Greeks, and the Belgae. The Romans, under Julius Caesar, conquered the Gallic region of France in the Gallic Wars. The war lasted from 58-51 BCE. France went through several wars in which they gained and lost land under several leaders. One of the more significant conflicts is the Hundred Year’s War, a series of wars that lasted from 1337-1453. It began after Charles IV of France died, leaving no blood heir other than Edward III of England. Edward III was Charles IV’s nephew and Phillip IV of France’s grandson which made him the last living male member of the House of Capet (aka House of France). Edward III’s Mother Isabella of France was unable to claim the throne due to a principle established in 1316 that made it impossible for women to succeed the throne so Isabella claimed it for her son. The French rejected this claim, stating that Isabella didn’t have the right to assert a ruler of France. The French wanted the House of Valois to control France, and so the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet went to war to decide who would rule over France. Joan of Arc entered the war in 1429, helped retake the city of Orléans, France, inspired the takeback of several other cities, and then was killed by the English in 1430. In the end, the French won, and Charles VII (aka Charles the Victorious) remained King of France. The most notable changes that came from the Hundred Year’s War were: the democratization of the French army, the modernization of weapons and the creation of French nationalism. During the Hundred Year’s War, the Black Death broke out (between 1348-1353). The Black Death is one of the most catastrophic pandemics; a plague that resulted in the death of something between 75-200 million people (worldwide).

More wars over land and religion ensued. One of those was a war with Italy, the First Italian War (over land and power), in which they lost but became inspired by the Italian Renaissance so they came home and started the French Renaissance. The French Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in France between the 15th-17th centuries. Most notably what came from the French Renaissance was the spread of humanism, exploration of the “New World,” the development of art, an elaboration of etiquette and the urbanization of Paris. More wars happened. Louis XIV created the idea of an absolute monarchical rule, known as the divine right of kings, which made the monarch more powerful than everyone, except for God. This means he was better than, and therefore didn’t have to listen to the people, the aristocracy, or even the church. More wars followed that made France the primal power in Europe.

In 1754, conflicts over territories in North America with the English led to the Seven Year War. The English won in 1763 which led to the French losing “New France” which consisted of territories in North America, Spanish Florida, several islands in the West Indies, the colony of Senegal on the West African coast, and superiority over the French trading outposts in India. This loss also meant that France was no longer the primal power in Europe anymore. Upset about this, the French assisted the Americans in their upheaval against the British in the American Revolutionary War. They did this hoping that it would help them gain back some of the land they lost in the Seven Year War, however it left them in further debt, and they gained very little from it.

After the recent wars (Seven Year War and American Revolutionary War) left the French bankrupt, a highly inefficient tax system screwed over the poor, years of bad harvests lead to increased food prices, malnutrition, and hunger, the rich couldn’t give a damn about the majority of France’s problems. All of which led to the French Revolutionary War. Notable events that occurred during the French Revolutionary War were: the storming of the Bastille (will cover in greater detail later), the curtailment of the church powers (this law reorganized the French Catholic Church, made it so the salaries of the priests would be paid by the state, abolished the Church’s authority to levy a tax on crops, and again cancelled some privileges for the clergy), and the creation of a constitutional monarchy (the King has to share power with an elected legislative assembly). Napoleon Bonaparte was a military and political figure that came to rise during the French Revolutionary War. Napoleon did a lot, however, the biggest impacts he had were: he shifted more power to Paris so that all decisions about France would be made in Paris, decreased hostility between the government and the church, came up with a modernized, more efficient tax system, made it so any man could serve in the army rather than the aristocrats choosing for them, and most importantly, helped create the Napoleonic Code (According to Wikipedia: “The Code recognized the principles of civil liberty, equality before the law, and the secular character of the state. It discarded the old right of primogeniture (where only the eldest son inherited) and required that inheritances be divided equally among all the children. The court system was standardized; all judges were appointed by the national government in Paris.”). After Napoleon died, France became politically unstable with the government changing every few months (even during peaceful times).

And you know what happened next! More wars over land and religion! Eventually the French railway system became popular which led to the modernization of French rural cities, and helped facilitate the rise of the industrial revolution. In 1869, the French said “NON” to the possible candidate to the throne of Spain, Prince Leopold von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. The war over that (the Franco-Prussian War) ended with the Treaty of Frankfurt which meant the newly formed German Empire could keep Alsace and Lorraine (previously French provinces). Franz Ferndinand, an Austrian archduke, was shot and a shit ton of countries went to war with each other (World War I). Eventually France joined in, partly out of obligation, partly because they were hoping to get the provinces back that they had lost in the Franco-Prussian War. The Great Depression finally hit France around 1931, though not nearly as hard as it hit some other countries.

Germany invaded Poland in 1939 which forced Britain and France to declare war on Germany even though they REAAAAAALLLLLLLYYYY didn’t want to. In 1940, Germany defeated and occupied France but the Allies (the side France was on) won in 1945. After World War II, France was financially and socially messed up. Charles de Gaulle stepped up to put France’s shit back in order. He founded the fifth republic (France’s current system of government), initiated the “Politics of Grandeur” which stated that France shouldn’t rely on other countries for national protection and prosperity, withdrew the French military from NATO, and restored Franco-German relations.

The dissolution of the Soviet Union lessened tension in France leading to the reduction in their nuclear arsenal. Although nuclear threat went down, terrorism became more prevalent. To this day, terrorism in France remains a highly controversial topic. But when it does happen, the French remain strongly unified. Vive la France!

Or if watching videos is more your thing, check out Suibhne’s sum up of French history! It’s magnificent!:

And if you want to hear more about World War II, feel free to watch Eddie Izzard’s bit about it (he curses a lot):

Additional Reading:

http://www.expatica.com/fr/about/30-interesting-facts-about-France_109142.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_France

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War

1,757 thoughts on “A Brief History of France”

  1. I am curious to find out what blog system you’re working with?
    I’m experiencing some minor security problems with my latest site and I’d like to find something more secure.
    Do you have any suggestions?

  2. What’s Going down i am new to this, I stumbled upon this I have
    found It positively useful and it has aided me out loads.

    I am hoping to contribute & help other customers like its aided me.
    Good job.

  3. Greetings from California! I’m bored at work so I decided to browse your site on my iphone during lunch break.
    I enjoy the information you present here and can’t wait to take a look when I get home.
    I’m shocked at how fast your blog loaded on my cell phone ..

    I’m not even using WIFI, just 3G .. Anyhow, good site!

  4. Simply desire to say your article is as astounding. The clarity
    in your post is just nice and i could assume you’re an expert on this subject.
    Well with your permission let me to grab your RSS feed to keep
    updated with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please
    carry on the gratifying work.

  5. Your style is really unique compared to other people I’ve read stuff from.
    Thank you for posting when you’ve got the opportunity, Guess I will just book mark
    this blog.

  6. Attractive portion of content. I simply stumbled upon your website and in accession capital to claim that I get in fact loved account
    your blog posts. Any way I will be subscribing to your feeds
    and even I achievement you get admission to consistently rapidly.

  7. Thanks for every other informative site. The place
    else could I am getting that type of info written in such
    a perfect means? I’ve a mission that I am simply
    now working on, and I have been on the look out for such info.

  8. hey there and thank you for your info – I have definitely picked up anything new
    from right here. I did however expertise several technical issues using
    this web site, since I experienced to reload the website a lot of times
    previous to I could get it to load properly. I had been wondering if your hosting is OK?

    Not that I am complaining, but slow loading instances times
    will sometimes affect your placement in google and can damage your quality score if advertising and marketing with
    Adwords. Well I am adding this RSS to my email and can look out
    for a lot more of your respective interesting content.
    Ensure that you update this again very soon.

  9. Right here is the right webpage for anyone who really
    wants to find out about this topic. You understand a whole lot its almost tough to argue with
    you (not that I actually will need to…HaHa). You definitely put a new spin on a subject that has been discussed for decades.
    Wonderful stuff, just wonderful!

  10. Howdy, I believe your site might be having browser compatibility problems.
    When I take a look at your website in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in IE, it has some overlapping issues.
    I merely wanted to give you a quick heads up!
    Apart from that, wonderful blog!

  11. This is the perfect webpage for anyone who really wants to understand this topic.
    You understand so much its almost tough to argue with you
    (not that I actually will need to…HaHa). You definitely put a brand
    new spin on a topic that has been discussed for years.
    Excellent stuff, just great!

  12. Spot on with this write-up, I seriously believe that this website needs a lot more
    attention. I’ll probably be back again to read
    through more, thanks for the info!

  13. This design is steller! You most certainly know how to
    keep a reader entertained. Between your wit and
    your videos, I was almost moved to start my own blog
    (well, almost…HaHa!) Excellent job. I really enjoyed what you had to say, and
    more than that, how you presented it. Too cool!

  14. An outstanding share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a friend who had been doing a little homework on this.

    And he actually bought me dinner due to the fact that I stumbled upon it for him…
    lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thanks
    for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending the time to talk
    about this issue here on your web site.

  15. I’ve learn several just right stuff here. Definitely price bookmarking for revisiting.

    I wonder how so much attempt you place to make this kind of magnificent informative
    website.

  16. I used to be suggested this website via my cousin. I’m now
    not sure whether this submit is written via him as no one else realize such particular approximately my difficulty.

    You are amazing! Thanks!

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *